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Patented June 21,

No.243,l 4l.

wn'uzsscs INVENTOR UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JULES J. LELOIR, OF TOUROOING, FRANCE, ASSIGNOR TO ERNEST POSSELT AND RUDOLF PETERS, BOTH OF BRADFORD, COUNTY OF YORK, ENG.

LAND.

DYEING MIXED FABRICS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 243,141, dated June 21, 1881.

Application filed September 3, 1880. (Specimens) Patented in England January 1, 1880.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, J ULES JOSEPH LELOIR, a citizen of the. Republic of France, residing at Tourcoing, in the Republic of France, have invented certain new and'usefullmprovements in Dyeing Mixed Textile Fabrics and Yarns, (for which Letters Patent were granted to Ernest Posselt and Rudolf Peters by the government of Great Britain, No. 57, dated January 7, 1880, and sealed April 20, 1880 and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, which will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertaius to make and use the same.

The said invention relates to the employ ment of acid-baths and of mordauts composed.

of salts ofziuc, copper, chrome, and tin. Heretofore the dyeing of fabrics made with cotton warps and woolen or worsted wefts has been' defective on account of the action of the atmosphere on the colors, the action of the atmosphere causing the colors to fade and lose their brilliancy, thereby producing varied shades-as, for example, black colors turn or change from a deep black into green or reddish black--and these defects are caused by the bad application of the dyeing materials, especially when wood-dyes are employed. The present improvements in dyeing prevent these defects, and produce fast colors and blacks which will not change from the effect of the atmosphere, and which will resist the action of acids, especially sulphuric acid; and this invention relates to the application of the wood coloring materials with acid-baths, and

the employment ofmordants' composed ofzinc, copper, chrome, and tin. The mordants are thus formed-videlicet, about four parts water, two parts muriatic acid, one part sulphuric acid, in which is dissolved some zinc, and to which is added some bichromate of potash and a sulphate. of iron or of copper, and in about the following proportions-videlicet, five parts .of bichromate and one of sulphate.

Modus operandi The pieces orfabrics having had the cotton warps dyed, either before the weaving or in the piece, such cotton warps, having been dyed with a fast dye, by (preference, with aniline-black,) are boiled during about an hour or two in a bath containing the hereinbefore-described mordants. The fabrics,

when mordanted, are washed in cold water, and they are then ready to be dyed blue, black, green, brown, garnet, and other colors, and for that purpose they are placed in a bath in which is placed a decoction of wood-dyes. The fabrics are boiled an hour or two. For example, to obtain a garnet color, in the bath is placed a decoction of lima and cuba woods, care being taken to acidulate the bath with the mordant or liquor of water, muriatic acid, sulphuric acid, and zinc. To dye blue or black I operate in a similar manner; butI can replace the hereinbetore-described liquor of water, muriatic acid, sulphuric acid, and zinc by an energetic acid, such as sulphuric acid. The mordant will then be composed of sulphuric acid,

bichromate of potash, and sulphate of iron or copper. The sulphuric acid can be replaced by nitric acid and the zinc by tin, and the tin may be employed for all colors except black. The fabrics or pieces, after having been dyed, are washed in cold water.

In order to enable these improvements to be better understood, 1 will proceed to describe the same by reference to the accompanying drawing, which represents a side view of the apparatus I employ to dye the cotton warps of the pieces.

Mixed textile fabrics are woven either with white warps or the warps are dyed anilineblack before being woven. To dye the woven white warps aniline-black, I employ cisterns similar to those which are usually employed in dye-works, to which I apply an apparatus fixed, by preference, over the cistern, and this apparatus is constructed of a tank, to which are fitted pipes having a tap and connected to a tube bored with smallholes'. In the tank are placed the coloring materials, which fall through the pipes and escape through the small holes, falling on the fabrics in a shower.

The fabrics, having first been prepared in the usual way, are passed in the cistern, which isnot filled, as heretofore has been the prac- 5 tice,with dyeing materials, but is nearly empty, only an inch or two in height of the coloring materials being retained in the cistern. I The fabrics pass over the roller A, under the roller B, and over the roller G, then through the squeezing-rollers D, and are delivered when ready by the folder on a board or any suitable receiver. Between the rollers A and O is fitted a tube, E, bored with a number of small holes, which extend across the tube, and the tube is fitted the width of the cistern. The tube E is connected to a pipe, F, to which is secured a tap, G, and to the top of the tap is fitted a pipe, H, fixed in the bottom ofthe tank I, placed above the cistern. The tap allows of regulating the supply of liquid or coloring materials passing from the tank and of giving a supply of the liquid equal, or nearly so, to that which is taken up by the fabrics in passing through the cistern, thus allowing the liq uid impregnating the fabrics to be kept up to an equal degree of concentration. The tank I contains a mixture to produce aniline-black on the cotton warps. A suitable mixture is composed as follows, videlicet: water, about thirteen and one-quarter gallons; solution of chloride of iron, about thirteen and one-quarter gallons; aniline-oil, about three and onequarter gallons; muriatic acid, about four and a half gallons; chlorate of potash, about six and a half pounds; sulphate of copper, about four and three quarter pounds; but these proportions will vary according to the weight of the fabrics and the depth of shade required. The said mixture or liquid, passingfrom the tank and through the small holes of the tube E, falls in a shower on the fabrics and impregnates them with the liquid, and when the fabrics are sufficiently impregnated they are removed and allowed to remain in a suitable place for about eight or ten hours or 1norethe time necessary to oxidize the aniline. Then the oxidizing action is completed the fabrics can be washed in an acidulated bath, if. required, and are passed through another cistern fitted with a similar apparatus to that hereinbefore described, and shown in the drawing; but in the tank is placed a solution of concentrated bichromate of potash mixed with muriatic acid. The solution passes from the tank to the tube bored with small holes, and falls in a shower on the fabrics, impregnating them with the solution. After this second operation the cotton warps of the fabrics are dyed fast black. The fabrics are then well washed in water and dried, and are then ready to receive the dyeing of the wefts.

Instead of employing the tube bored with small holes and letting the mixtures fall in a shower on the fabrics, the pipe fitted to the bot-' tom part of the tap may be made to enter the cistern and nearly touch the bottom of the cistern. The tap can be so regulated that the required quantity of the dyeing mixtures admitted may be equal or nearly equal to that which the fabrics williinbibein passing through the cistern, and to keep a constant level in the bottom of the cistern a hole, 0, is made near the bottom, which is fitted with a plug or tap, so as to regulate the discharge of the mixture which is in excess of what is required, thus keeping the mixture at nearly an equal degree of concentration. The bottom of the tank can also be made curved, so as to give an easy flow to the mixtures, which enter the cistern through the pipe in limited quantities.

To dye the weft of mixed fabrics either with the cotton warps dyed, as hereinbefore described, or with the dyed warps woven in the fabrics, I employ two baths, the first bath to mordant the pieces and the second bath with solutions of coloring-woods. Both baths are made strongly acid. The mordant is composed as follows, videlicet: water, about ten and a halt gallons; muriatic acid, about five and a quarter gallons; sulphuric acid, about two and three-quarters gallons; zinc, about thirteen and a quarter pounds. These proportions will vary according to the weight and depth of shades required. To the mixture is added bichromate of potash and sulphate of copper in the pro portion of about five parts of bichromate and one of sulphate. The ingredients of the mordant having been well mixed and the bath heated, the fabrics are boiled therein for about one hour and a half. The fabrics are then taken out of this first strong acid-bath and are well washed in cold water. They are afterward placed in the second or coloring bath, and the requisite coloring-matter is placed therein ac cording to the color required, which may be black, blue, green, maroon, or garnet. For example, to dye garnet, the bath will be prepared with a decoetion of red wood (Lima) and a decoction of yellow wood (Cuba) in the required proportions to obtain the shade of the pattern given. The bath is also stronglyacidulated with the zinc mordant hereinbefore described, or by sulphuricaeid. To dye black or blue'we operate in a similar manner; but the bath is composed of a solution of logwood. The zinc liquid can be replaced by sulphuric acid only or by bitartrate of potash, and the sulphuric acid can be replaced by nitric acid, and the zinc by tin for all colors except forblack. The fabrics, afterhaving passed through the bath the required time to obtain the required shade, are removed and well washed in cold water.

Having thus described my said invention and the best means with which I am acquainted for carrying the same into effect, lwould have it understood that I do not confine myself to the exact proportions given, as they may be varied without departing from the peculiar character of the invention; but

What I do claim is-- The herein-described m ordants for the warps and wefts of woven mixed textile fabrics, (cotton and worst-ed,) composed of water, muriatic acid, and sulphuric or nitric acid, in substantially the proportions above stated, in which is dissolved some zinc or tin, and to which are added bichromate of potash and a sulphate of iron or of copper, in substantially the proportions stated.

JULES JOSEPH LELOIR. [L. 

